Initializing a Repository in an Existing Directory

$ cd C:/Users/user/my_project

$ git init

Start Tracking Files

$ git add *.c
$ git add LICENSE
$ git commit -m 'Initial project version'

Cloning an Existing Repository

$ git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2

$ git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2 mylibgit  #renames the original clone

Checking the Status of Your Files

$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
nothing to commit, working tree clean

Tracking New File

$ git add README

Short Status

$ git status -s 

GIT IGNORE

You can create a file listing patterns to match them named .gitignore. Here is an example .gitignore file:
$ cat .gitignore
*.[oa] *~
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Recording-Changes-to-the-Repository

Viewing Your Staged and Unstaged Changes

$ git diff

$ git diff --staged

Committing Your Changes

$ git commit

$ git commit -m "Story 182: fix benchmarks for speed" # -m flag makes an inline commit

$ git commit -a -m 'Add new benchmarks' #-a flag skips git add and commits all tracked files

$ git rm PROJECTS.md # next commit deletes file and removes tracking. add -f flag for force

$ git rm --cached README # keep the file in your working tree but remove it from your staging area

$ git rm log/\*.log # glob commands are valid

$ git mv file_from file_to

Viewing the Commit History

$ git log

$ git log -p -2 # -p or --patch, which shows the difference, use -2 to show only the last two entries.

$ git log --stat # some abbreviated stats for each commit

$ git log --pretty=format # https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History#pretty_format

Limiting Log Output

$ git log --since=2.weeks

$ git log -S function_name # last commit that added or removed a reference to a specific function

$ git log -- path/to/file # limit the log output to commits that introduced a change to those files

Undoing Things

$ git commit --amend # make the additional changes you forgot, stage them, and commit again

$ git commit -m 'Initial commit'
$ git add forgotten_file
$ git commit --amend

$ git reset HEAD CONTRIBUTING.md  # The CONTRIBUTING.md file is modified but once again unstaged.

Showing Your Remote

$ git remote -v

Adding Remote Repositories

git remote add pb https://github.com/paulboone/ticgit
git remote add  :

Fetching and Pulling from Your Remotes

git fetch #pulls down all the data from that remote project that you don’t have yet  Does not perform any merge operations

git fetch pb # all the information other user has but that you don’t yet have in your repository

git pull             # automatically fetch and then merge that remote branch into your current branch

Pushing to Your Remotes

$ git push origin master #to push your master branch to your origin server

$ git remote show origin
* remote origin
  Fetch URL: https://github.com/schacon/ticgit
  Push  URL: https://github.com/schacon/ticgit
  HEAD branch: master
  Remote branches:
    master                               tracked
    dev-branch                           tracked
  Local branch configured for 'git pull':
    master merges with remote master
  Local ref configured for 'git push':
    master pushes to master (up to date)

Renaming and Removing Remotes

$ git remote rename pb paul # rename pb to paul $ git remote
origin
paul

$ git remote remove paul # all remote-tracking branches and configuration settings associated with that remote are also deleted $ git remote
origin

Listing Your Tags

$ git tag

$ git tag -l "v1.8.5*"

Creating Tags

Annotated Tags

$ git tag -a v1.4 -m "my version 1.4"  #The -m specifies a tagging message, which is stored with the tag

$ git show v1.4  # see the tag data along with the commit that was tagged

$ git tag v1.4-lw # don’t supply any of the -a, -s, or -m options

Tagging Later

$ git tag -a v1.2 9fceb02

$ git push origin --tags # transfer all of your tags to the remote server that are not already there 

$ git tag -d v1.4-lw # this does not remove the tag from any remote servers. 

$ git push origin --delete  # preferred method

$ git checkout v2.0.0 #puts your repository in “detached HEAD” state, which has some ill side effects https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging

Git Aliases

$ git config --global alias.co checkout
$ git config --global alias.br branch
$ git config --global alias.ci commit # to git commit, you just need to type git ci $ git config --global alias.st status

$ git config --global alias.visual '!gitk' # useful if you write your own external tools that work with a Git repository

https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging

Creating a New Branch

$ git branch testing # This creates a new pointer to the same commit you’re currently on.

$ git log --oneline --decorate
f30ab (HEAD -> master, testing) Add feature #32 - ability to add new formats to the central interface
34ac2 Fix bug #1328 - stack overflow under certain conditions
98ca9 Initial commit

$ git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all
* c2b9e (HEAD, master) Made other changes
| * 87ab2 (testing) Made a change

$ git checkout master
$ git merge hotfix

$ git branch -d hotfix
Deleted branch hotfix (3a0874c).